The Caucasus Journal of Medical and Psychological Sciences

An Artificial Intelligence Model for an Emerging New Paradigm in Medical Education: Which Model of Psychology Should Be Chosen?

L. A. Gheonjian — 2024-10-21

Based on the tasks and models of intellectual communication, the article considers the problem of the organization of psychology as a knowledge system. The operational model of intelligence proposed by Piaget is considered in detail and the productivity of using this model, which is an analogue of idealized design, is justified. Identical to Piaget’s definition, intelligence is described as the ability of a psychological object to imagine a certain future, target reality in its imagination, to realize the existing reality, formulate transition operations and make the transition using finite resources and in a finite period of time. Using several examples, the issues of the complexity of intelligent communication with messages of clear and fuzzy logic are considered, the concepts of intelligent noise and a useful signal are introduced. It is proposed, using the approaches of operations research, to begin to carry out research on intellectual operations for their optimization when used in educational systems. The model of idealized design of education is considered and the plan of productive intellectual communication of psychology with exact and natural sciences for education is discussed.

The Second Tiflis Classical Male Gymnasium Named After Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich: Joseph Drboglav, Georgi Ghekhtman and High School Students Graduated In 1900

N. V. Melkadzе — 2024-10-21

The article describes the formation of the gymnasium system and the growing interest in gymnasiums and higher education in the middle of the 19th century in the Caucasus. Special attention is paid to the history of establishing the Second Tiflis Male Classical Gymnasium and the activity of the director and teacher of ancient languages, J.F. Drboglav (Droboglav), and its brilliant graduating class of 1900. Many graduates have gained worldwide fame: Mikhail Asatiani, Vladimir Ern, Pavel Florensky, Irakli Tsereteli, Alexander Yelchaninov (also spelled Elchaninov), etc. The teacher of history, G.N. Ghekhtman, was an intelligent, competent, talented, and inspired teacher. He had a great influence on the development of independent thinking skills and interest in serious research among high school students. Teachers and graduates of the gymnasium have made a great contribution to the development of both regional and domestic science, culture, and socio-political thought. Teachers and graduates of the gymnasium have made a great contribution to the development of both regional and domestic science, culture, and socio-political thought. At Kharkiv University, the destinies of two graduates of the 2nd Tiflis Classical Male Gymnasium crossed: E.K. Redin (1884), associate professor of the Department of Fine Arts History and Theory at Kharkiv University, and a student of Kharkiv University, D.D. Kilosanidze (1900). In 1907, D.D. Kilosanidze was awarded a gold medal for an essay on the history of art: “Gelati Monastery and its Art Monuments.” Focusing on the history of the establishment of the 2nd Tiflis Classical Gymnasium and the fate of its high school students graduated in 1900—the most outstanding in the history of the gymnasium gives food for thought in search of the most adequate ways to modernize education aimed at forming the intellectual potential of the younger generation, improving the educational level of young people, and developing their professional competencies that meet modern requirements towards the development of the economic, social, and humanitarian spheres of society.

The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Cyclosporine A and its Generic Equivalency Depores Eye Drops in The Treatment of Dry Eye Disease

Medea V. Papava — 2024-10-21

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex condition that can result in significant vision complications. Analyzing systematic reviews of DED treatment contributes to selecting the most effective and safe drug. This review examines the efficacy of cyclosporine A and the generic Depores ophthalmic emulsion cyclosporine 0.05% (cyclosporine 0.05%, Deva Pharmaceuticals, Turkey) in the treatment of DED. A search for scientific information in PubMed, PubMed Central, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar databases, and the Internet was carried out using keywords: dry eye disease, Cyclosporine A, Ikervis, Restasis, generic cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion, Depores. The literature cited in scientific articles was also reviewed. The analysis of scientific articles allowed us to conclude about the efficacy of the Restasis–Depores generic (cyclosporine 0.05%, Deva Pharmaceuticals, Turkey) for the treatment of patients with DED who have not yet had access to this treatment. Depores is now available in Georgia, bringing a novel treatment option to patients with severe DED. The study revealed a small number of clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of generic cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion. Given the scarcity of research articles on this generic, it is necessary to study the results of its use in the treatment of DED in Georgia, which will help improve the quality of life with a diagnosis of dry eye.

School of Sanitary Instructors of the Transcaucasian Military District (Front) During World War II (1941-1945)

I. V. Kartashev — 2024-10-21

Based on archival materials and literary sources, the article recreates the general picture of the activities of the School of Sanitary Instructors of the Transcaucasian Military District (Front), located in the capital of the Georgian SSR, Tbilisi, during the Great Patriotic War. The purposeful work of school commanders and political workers aimed at improving the quality of cadets’ studies and strengthening military discipline is shown. Brief biographical information about the leadership of the school is provided, and the exploits of an outstanding graduate of the school, Hero of the Soviet Union Abdullayev Samad Gamil Oglu, are described.

Factors Affecting Fertility in Modern Georgia

N. Y. Kopaleishvili — 2024-10-21

The article analyses the dynamics of the number of births and abortions, based on the data of the National Statistical Service “Geostat” (1990-2021) and the National Center for Disease Control and Public Health. In 1990, the total number of women in the population of Georgia was 2852.0 thousand, and the number of fertile age was 1362.0 thousand. In 2021, the total number of women decreased to 1932.0, and the number of women of fertile age to 822 thousand. The special birth rate index was calculated, based on which the main factors affecting the birth rate were analyzed. Within the article, the analysis of the involvement of women citizens of Georgia in migration processes was carried out. From 2014 to 2020, the number of women leaving the country, including those of fertility age, exceeded the number of arrivals. The article also discusses the main causes of the demographic crisis in Georgia and possible ways to overcome them.

Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia

Manana Kikolashvili — 2024-10-21

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is an infrequent presentation of esotropia, characterized by sudden onset eye misalignment and diplopia. The purpose of this article is to review four cases of children diagnosed with AACE. We present 4 cases (children 610 years) of AACE. All of them suddenly developed diplopia and esotropia, with largeangle. After complete ophthalmological and neurological examinations in three cases out of four, strabismus surgery was conducted. In one case heterogenous neoplasm was detected and sent to an oncologist and neurosurgeon for evaluation and morphological verification. Bilateral medial rectus recession in two cases and unilateral recession of the medial rectus and resection of the lateral rectus in one case were performed. After strabismus surgery fully recovered binocular vision and was no longer noticeable diplopia. Neurological examinations and neuroimaging should be performed to exclude any potential intracranial disease. Surgery should be taken into consideration 6 months after the onset of the esotropia, if the deviation is stable. Strabismus surgery of AACE has good motor and sensory results and can successfully restore good binocular function The excessive use of smartphones may be associated with developing and increasing AACE.

Central Hypothyroidism Associated With Empty Sella: Literature Review and Case Report

Meri P. Rekvava — 2024-10-21

Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) is a rare case of sella turcica malformation, resulting in pituitary gland decrease. It may reveal itself through neurological symptoms, endocrine disorders, visual disturbances or incidental findings during imaging. The urgency of this problem has increased with the widespread use in the diagnosis of the non-invasive method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It can be discovered as part of the investigation of the pituitary disorders, or as an incidental finding when imaging the brain. Practice shows that such patients rarely come with typical complaints thus an extended review of this case is needed to prompt suspicion and aid in the diagnosis of ESS. Few cases of empty sella associated with isolated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency were published. We report a case of a 46 year-old woman with complaints: edema, dizziness, low blood pressure, hair loss, dry skin. Examinations were performed: ultrasound of the thyroid gland, TSH, FT4 (free thyroxine), FT3 (free triiodothyronine), anti TPO (Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase). Conclusion: patients with TSH, FT4, and FT3 deficiency, should undergo examinations to exclude empty sella as one of the reason of central hypothyroidism. According to the above mentioned the recommendation is to examine all the tropic hormones of the pituitary gland after diagnosing empty sella. Diagnosing central hypothyroidism associated with empty sella helps improving the knowledge and points to different clinical manifestation of empty sella syndrome.